The Modern numbering system was based on Hindu-Arabic mathematics. It was eventually a failure because of its construction. However, this invention was quite a complication to the calculations since it had two beads on the upper deck. The ancient Chinese abacus, called SUANPAN, was developed in the twelfth century and did not attain fame till the fourteenth century. As time passed by, with the advent of modern technologies, the Romans switched to micro calculators in 1974. The lower grooves marked the place value from tens to millions. The beads in the upper groove marked the place value of fives. The last two columns were used for the Roman mixed- base math. On the other hand, the lower ones had four beads. Their Abacus kit consisted of seven long and shorter grooves. Also, they called the counting board Calculi. The Romans used Abacus to calculate, by using the Roman numerals. The rows represented the place value of numbers accordingly. Types of Romanian AbacusĪlso, the Romans invented three different types of the abacus. It was a stone table with movable stones sliding up and down. Romans developed an easier way to use the abacus called the ‘Roman Hand Abacus’. This description gave rise to the Greek word ‘ABAX’ from which abacus sourced its etymology.Īs time passed, numbers and calculations emerged as a vital part of trade and commerce. The earliest form of abacus was a reckoning table covered with sand or fine dust, in which fingers were drawn using a stylus, and erased with the same, when necessary. However, there are no facts that support the confirmed statement about the invention of the abacus. The design of abacus kits remains to be in a combination of rods and pebbles. Time, people and technology improved the abacus. As time passed by, the design of an abacus kit has widely varied in terms of style, size and material. Countries like Taiwan, Korea, Malaysia and Japan were smitten by the abacus fever. Meanwhile, the abundant fame of success for abacus began to spread. Historians believe it was the Chinese minds who invented the Abacus around 500BC. Besides, it has its share of evolution in terms of design and usage. In the mid-19th century CE, the suan pan’s design changed to one bead on the top and five beads on the bottom.Abacus is a man-made calculating device invented 5000 years ago. Metal rods placed vertically hold beads on both sections of the divided frame.Įarly suan pan’s had two beads on the top and five beads on the bottom. The suan pan consists of a wooden frame divided in two by another piece of wood. This style of suan pan became popular in the early 13th century CE. The wooden frame and bead design of the suan pan are what we think of today when we think of an abacus. The Ancient Chinese called their counting tool suan pan. When they were done with counting something, they “wiped the dust” to make it smooth and clean for the next counting task. The Ancient Hebrew word ibeq, means to wipe the dust and abk or abq means sand, which indicates that the Ancient Hebrew counted objects using lines drawn on the ground and possibly pebbles to move as counters. The Ancient Greeks called their counting board or tablets, abakos, abakon, or abax.Īnd before the Ancient Greeks, the Ancient Hebrews used the word ibeq and abk or abq. Today, people in Russia, Japan and China continue to use it as a counting tool. Many cultures, including Western Europe, used the abacus for counting until quite recently. Counting tools resembling an abacus have even been found in Mesoamerican ruins in South America. Over time, ancient people moved from using the dirt on the ground and pebbles to wooden frames and beads and sometimes semi-precious stone such as jade. The Ancient Chinese most likely used similar tables and pebbles for counting during this same time. Simple arithmetic such as addition and subtraction was performed using these tools. Pebbles or small rocks were placed on the ground, on tablets or on tables containing lines or marks. As far back as the Sumarian culture in Mesopotamia (2700 – 2300 BCE), and possibly before, tools were used for counting.
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